TB-500

§ Primary literature

1. 1.Rahaman KA (2024). Simultaneous quantification of TB-500 and its metabolites in in-vitro experiments and rats by UHPLC-Q-Exactive orbitrap MS/MS and their screening by wound healing activities in-vitro. Journal of Chromatography B.Rodent studyUsing in-vitro incubations and rat samples, this analytical study describes a UHPLC-Q-Exactive orbitrap MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of TB-500 and its metabolites, and reports in-vitro screening of associated wound-healing activities.
2. 2.Wang Y (2024). Activation of pro-resolving pathways mediate the therapeutic effects of thymosin beta-4 during Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced keratitis. Frontiers in Immunology.Rodent studyIn a mouse model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced bacterial keratitis, with in-vitro validation in LPS-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 cells, the study reports that thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4) was associated with activation of pro-resolving inflammatory pathways during the resolution of infection and inflammation. Findings are limited to animal and cell-culture models.
3. 3.He S (2026). Low-Temperature Fabrication of Thymosin β4-Loaded Soluble Microneedles to Promote Wound Healing by Specific Binding to Downregulated Immune Regulators Vsig4 and IL22rα2. Advanced Healthcare Materials.Rodent studyIn a mouse wound-healing model with in-vitro binding assays, Thymosin β4 (TB4/TB-500)-loaded soluble microneedles were associated with enhanced wound closure, an effect the authors attribute to specific binding to the downregulated immune regulators Vsig4 and IL22rα2. These are preclinical (rodent and in-vitro) findings only.
4. 4.Di H (2026). Thymosin beta 4: An emerging therapeutic candidate for kidney diseases. Peptides.ReviewThis review synthesizes reported mechanisms of thymosin beta-4 (the peptide also known as TB-500), including actin regulation and anti-inflammatory signaling, as described across preclinical models of acute and chronic kidney injury.